Human Behavior
The pyramid of human needs suggested by Professor Maslow lists five level of needs.
The lower level must be satisfied before a level above it can be satisfied.
the levels of needs, beginning with the most basic, are:
【アブラハム・マズロー / 欲求階層説】
１．Physical - 生理的欲求
includes the need for food, rest, exercise, and protection from the elements.
Another term used for physiological needs is "biological needs."
生命維持のための食欲・性欲・睡眠欲、等の本能的、根源的な欲求
２．安全の欲求 - Safety
includes protection against danger, threat, and deprivation.
These are also called security needs.
衣食住などの安全な状態を得たいという欲求
３．所属と愛の欲求 - Social
the need to belong, to associate, and to give and receive friendship and love.
集団に属したい、他者から愛されたいという欲求
４．承認の欲求 - Egoist
the needs related to one's self-esteem and reputation, including the needs for self-confidence, independence, achievement, competence, knowledge, status, recognition, appreciation, and the deserved respect of one's fellows.
自分が集団から価値ある存在と認められ、尊敬される事を求める欲求
５．自己実現の欲求 - Self fulfillment
the highest level, which can be met only after all lower levels have been satisfied.
This is the need for realizing one's own potentialities, for continued development, and for being creative in the broadest sense of that term.
自分の能力・可能性を発揮し、創造的活動や自己の成長を追求する欲求
Human needs that must be met to encourage learning includes physiological, security, belonging, esteem, cognitive and aesthetic, and self-actualization.